The bilateral relations between the Bhutan and India have been traditionally close. India and Bhutan have enjoyed a warm, cordial and mutually beneficial relationship. The Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of 1949 governs the basic framework of bilateral relations between the two countries. The Treaty provides for, among other things, perpetual peace and friendship, free trade and commerce and equal justice to each other's citizens. These relations are further strengthened by regular exchange of high level visits. India and Bhutan have also been cooperating closely at the international fora such as SAARC, UN, etc. By a long standing treaty, Indian and Bhutanese citizens may travel to each other's countries without a passport or visa using their national identity cards instead. Bhutanese citizens may also work in India without legal restriction.

India established bilateral relationships with Srilanka right after the independence. Both countries proceeded to establish extensive cultural, commercial, strategic and defence ties to establish a common sphere of influence in the region. India is the only neighbour of Sri Lanka, separated by the Palk Strait; both nations occupy a strategic position in South Asia and have sought to build a common security umbrella in the Indian Ocean. For the past 60 years Indo-Srilankan relations have seen the best of times as well as the worst of times.

India and Afganistan have a strong and friendly bilateral relationship. In 1980s, India was the only South Asian country to recognize the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In 1990s, its relations with Afganistan had been on a negative front due to the Government of Taliban. In 2000s, India aided the overthrow of the Taliban and became the largest regional provider of humanitarian and reconstruction aid to Afghanistan. Currently Indians are working in various construction projects, as part of India's rebuilding efforts in Afghanistan and New Dehli is maintaining a strong relationship with Karzai administration. The relationship between India and Afghanistan received a major boost in 2011 with the signing of a strategic partnership agreement, Afghanistan's first since the Soviet invasion of 1979.

There has been a steady strengthening of India's relationship with Israel ever since India established full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1992, despite Indian attempts to keep this flourishing bilateral relationship out of public view. This bilateral relationship assumed an altogether new dynamic and came under full public scrutiny with the visit of Ariel Sharon to India in September 2003, the first ever by a ruling Israeli prime minister. The excitement surrounding this visit and the future prospects of Indo-Israeli relationship signaled the sea change in relations between the two states. In sharp contrast to the back-channel security ties that existed even before the normalization of bilateral relations, India now seems more willing to openly carve out a mutually beneficial bilateral relationship with Israel, including deepening military ties and countering the threat posed by terrorism to the two societies.